Keep in mind that MTU = payload + 28, since there needs to be some room for the header data.
To find the most optimized MTU for your system, you would want to run this ping command with a small packet size, and then over time increase it until it begins fragmenting after which you consider this your cutoff point. Should this text not be present, then more than likely you’re already working with some MTU measurement that isn’t sending out fragmented packets at the present time. Depending on which version of ping was included with your version of Ubuntu, the warning may be worded differently. Examine the output for any line that warns about something regarding “Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1492)” or any similar text. The ping command will let you know if the packet was sent as more than one fragment with multiple header data attached. Method 1: Examining ping Output for Packet Fragmentation Assuming you received proper output, then look for a section that reads 1464(1492) bytes of data, which indicates you’re sending the packet with 28 bytes of header information. If you’re not receiving anything, then your networking connection hasn’t been configured correctly. Once you’re at the terminal, type in ping -s 1464 -c1 and wait for the output. If you’re working with Ubuntu Server, then you’ll default to a CLI interface with no graphical environment at all. Hold down CTRL, ATL and T or perhaps start it from the Unity dash. The easiest way to find out the correct MTU value for your machine is to open up a terminal window. Sending large single outgoing packets is more efficient than sending multiple smaller outgoing ones. While calculating this value is relatively simple and defaults work on a majority of machines, it might be possible to further optimize your system if packets are fragmenting because of unusual settings. While computer texts differ in their application of the term, Ubuntu uses the TCP Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) to refer to the largest size a TCP packet a machine can pass over a TCP/IP networking connection.
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